Indian imperialism in Jammu & Kashmir - Some Facts

1) 30% of the present Indian Hydroelectricity is produced in Kashmir.


2) 7 out of the 11 hydroelectric Projects announced by NHPC are located in Kashmir accounting to 60% of the total electricity production .


3) NHPC in rest of the Indian States works on 50:50 sharing basis i.e. 50% of the electricity goes to the state and 50% is given to NHPC for the investment they put, But in Kashmir the equation changes.Only 12% is given to Kashmir as a Royalty and 88% is taken away by NHPC & supplied to the northern grid of INDIA via Punjab to DELHI HARYANA etc.


4) Incidentally, Peak hour requirement of Electricity in Kashmir is 2000 Megawatts. Not able to fulfill it, the Puppet Government of J&K has to buy Electricity worth 3600 crores annually from the same northern grid to which it supplies its produced electricity.


5) NHPC succeeds in producing the cheapest possible electricity in Kashmir i.e. 25 paisa per unit, but to fulfill its peak hour requirement, Kashmir has to buy the same Electricity at 10 Rupees a unit from the Northern grid. What is the profit??


6) Indus water treaty which was signed between India & Pakistan lays down the sharing pattern of the water bodies originating in Kashmir.As per that treaty, 3 rivers are shared by India to fulfill its water deficiency and the rest of the 3 are shared by Pakistan.What Kashmir gets in return is 12 % royalty from India


7) Punjab owes 1000s of crores to Kashmir but the problem is that instead of raising a voice no bodycares.


8) As per the figures given by Puppet Chief Minister OMAR ABDULLAH in May 2010, Kashmir suffers an Annual loss of 50000 crores when it’s water is used by India and Pakistan. Keeping the
share 50%, Kashmir is suffering a loss of whooping 25000 crores annually because of INDIA.Incidentally, in the year 2009-10, Kashmir received an annual central assistance of 13952 crores from India.


9) Out of these 13952 crores, 3600 crores was spent on buying its own electricity from the northern grid which was stolen by India. 5500 crores was used for the defense purpose just because 900000 Indian troops are present to guard Kashmir from 1500 militants (Government figure 2010) allegedly present over here. Rest of the money is being used for development purpose.

And still it says that we won't be able to withstand ourselves after we achieve freedom from India's illegal occupation. By the Grace of Almighty, Freedom is coming soon, Insha'allah

A struggle to speak and be heard

By : Dilzan Boga | Dawn.com


Roushan Illahi isn’t like any youth in Indian-administered Kashmir Valley. He’s special. He’s a rapper. A poet. His rhymes are as much about him as they are about the countless youth who live in Kashmir — the world’s highest militarised zone, which also has the highest suicide rate in the world.

“I’ve seen and shivered in crackdowns, cried at funerals, inhaled tear gas too many times, got used to gun shots and blasts and you can picture the rest,” says Roushan Illahi aka MC Kash.

Born in 1990, at the peak of the armed insurgency, Roushan, who calls himself MC Kash, and hails from a middle-class family says he has seen “no fancy stuff in all the little time I’ve been alive.” At 20, Roushan is a man on a mission. He sees himself “as a storyteller who walks the graveyards”. He laughs, “I am a student who’s in love with truth. See, my father taught me three H’s – honesty, humility and hard work. That’s all I get reminded of whenever I do something.”

Roushan shot to fame in 2010 — the year where 123 people were shot in the Valley during pro-freedom demonstrations — with I Protest (Remembrance), dedicated to Kashmiris. The mellow beat peppered with gunshots betrays the angst felt by not only those who have lived to see atrocities by the Indian security forces over two decades, but also the future generations grapple with brutal state violence marred to a culture of impunity.

In this song, Roushan makes a reference to the “sponsored media who hide this genocide”. There is also a line about the mass rape of the Kashmiri women of Kunanposhpora village in the northern district of Kupwara by a battalion of the Indian army in the early nineties. The song ends with Roushan chanting the names of “all those martyred” in the summer of 2010.

Mostly all of Roushan’s songs depict the perils of living in a militarised society, under “occupation”. One of them goes like this, “They told me I’ll lose my dreams if I blink/Walk with my head down and get shot before I think/Kiss the soil of Kashmir and get stabbed in the back/Talk in simplicity like Gandhi and still get clapped.”

Also ‘Truth’ is a central theme in Roushan’s rhymes. In Bow to the Ground, he chants, “When truth is your weapon, you don’t have a shield. But Allah protects you and faith is all you need.”

Finally, the world can put a face to the voice and the words. Roushan’s latest video Beneath This Sky was released a couple of weeks ago. It got many hits on Facebook’s MC Kash (Official) page. Despite the recognition, Roushan remains firmly attached to his past and is able to trace its influences in his work.

About his life, Roushan reveals that he has “grown up and spent my first six years in an area where the ‘Kashmiri sentiments’ run deeper than blood… where a number of mujahideen came from, where the martyrs have special graveyards (that’s the same with every locality out here in Kashmir). I’ve seen and shivered in crackdowns, cried at funerals, inhaled tear gas too many times, got used to gun shots and blasts and you can picture the rest,” he says like one of the thousands of children who have never known peace.

The environment was not conducive and Roushan’s family decided to move out. “We shifted to another place where we practically had a house and a more ‘calm’ neighbourhood. I mean nothing happened out here. No protests. We had army all around us. It’s like one of the biggest camps here in Srinagar. In a way, I got a chance to breathe in an air that never smelled of tear gas.” Recalling the past, Roushan reflects, “I’m blessed to have been brought up by such beautiful parents. They always gave me that freedom to be what I wanted to be… to do what I wanted to do. They did their best to keep me and my brother safe”.

Inspired by the slain American rapper Tupac Shakur, Roushan was never motivated to rap. Shakur was shot when Roushan was only six years old.

For Roushan, rap happened as a way of blowing steam – a mode of expression. “I would say some pretty ugly personal experiences had me contemplating, like I needed to ‘express’ myself and the way I felt about different stuff. Then I started to rhyme. Nothing happens in one day. I was a shy guy at school, never took part in nothing, you know what I’m saying? All I know is that I needed to speak out and hip-hop was the best platform I knew.”

Roushan likes to read. He also loves to write. He elaborates, “I like to learn, most importantly.” Roushan also smokes cigars and hangs around with his friends. “Manchester United. I mean, I’m 20. I got all that you see in a twenty year old. I’m nothing different, just one thing that I stood up for my people and I know how beloved truth is to me ‘cause I have seen it inspire people,” he plainly states.

But unlike any 20-year-old, Roushan has more than one icon he motivates him and that resonates in his lyrics. “See all the Holy Prophets, they are an inspiration for me. I mean you will hear the names of Moses and John the Baptist too. I derive a lot of motivation from their stories. How, they would fight for the truth. How they believed and got through.”

Roushan wants his music to play a role – educate and inspire. He adds, “Probably all I want is to make people ‘think’. Hey! I’ve just sowed a seed. People need to sit back and watch it flourish. Insha’Allah.”

This articulate and bright youngster has his own take on the several decades-old conflict that plagues his beautiful land. The resolution, he says, is simple. “Let the Kashmiris decide. It’s our land. Our soil. No Pakistan. No India. It’s we who die. It’s we who suffer. I don’t know why everybody else is blind to this basic fact. This ‘conflict’ is fought on our soil, so let us decide how to end it.”

This singer and songwriter had a couple of offers of touring from Delhi and Mumbai but nothing formulated. “I guess nobody wants riots. Don’t know what future will hold for me, all I can do is work hard and stay true. But I would love to be at places and express myself.”

Roushan has also faced flack from the security agencies for his anti-India lyrics. But that has not deterred him off track, “It’s funny the way my studio got raided by the police. I mean what did the studio people do? Nonetheless, because of it, I’ve been without a recording space for three to four months now. Every other studio just doesn’t want me to be around, you know what I’m saying? Lord keeps me strong though and my mother’s blessings have kept me safe.”

The writer is an Indian journalist and the recipient of Agence France-Presse Kate Webb Prize for her work in Indian-administered Kashmir.

Octogenarian’s custodial killing: SHRC indicts army for cover up

The Army subjected an 80 year old man to torture and when he died in custody, a story was concocted. To cover up its crime, the Army lodged a false report claiming that the octogenarian had died in a blast after “disclosing about” hiding arms and ammunition.

This has been revealed in a J&K State Human Rights Commission (JKSHRC) judgement announced by its member (retd. IGP) Abdul Rashid Khan on May 20.

On March 8 last year, the JKSHRC received a complaint from Bashir Ahmad Mir regarding the custodial killing of his father Ghulam Mohammad Mir of Lakdipora, Damhal Hanjipora, Kulgam.

Taking cognizance of the matter, the JKSHRC then issued notices to then DGP J&K and Deputy Commissioner Kulgam for furnishing the factual report. In the report received from the police, it was stated that a report had been lodged by the son of the deceased octogenarian at Damhal Hanjipora police station where he said his village was cordoned by the Army Camp DH Pora in March 1997 and during the crackdown some villagers had been apprehended.

Later, the octogenarian’s body was “found lying” at the concerned police station on March 7, 1997 and case FIR No. 09/1997 lodged.

However, the DGP’s report further stated that one more complaint was received from Major Adjt. 2-RR Camp DH Pora that said Ghulam Mohammad Mir was “apprehended for questioning” where he “disclosed about hiding of some arms/ ammunition. While the said subject was taken for enquiry, a blast took place which caused the death of the subject.”

Surprisingly, the Army had even reported that one of its jawan had sustained injuries during the incident.

However, the DGP’s report was refuted by the complainant, Mir, who said: “Major dipped his father in ice-cold water and later tortured him to death.” He also managed to produce three witnesses whose statements were recorded.

After examining the statements, the JKSHRC judgement said: “On the examination of the eyewitness namely Syed Shaida Hussain it is established beyond any doubt that Gh. Mohammad Mir who was 80 years old and Nambardar of the area, was lifted by the Army 2 RR Camp D.H.

Pora and subjected to torture which resulted into his death. To cover up their crime and unwarranted action, the Army lodged a false report with the P/S DH Pora. The facts of the case unravel the cause of the death of Gh. Mohammad as a custodial torturous death.”

The JKSHRC has also recommended ex-gratia relief of one lac rupees and benefits under SRO-43 to one eligible NOKs of the deceased if not already sanctioned

"Pakistan stands exposed" - NewsHour with Aurnab Goswami

by Koshur Mazloom

I welcome you to Newshour. Today our topic is Pakistan Exposed Again (as if it was never a topic, in fact it has been the only topic of Newshour since we started to watch that comedy show). I am Aurnab Goswami and joining me on the Newshour today is:

Mr. Niyazi from Karachi, former ambassador of the Terrorist State of Pakistan to the US.
Mr. K.C Singh, words most honest and intelligent political analyst and
Mahroof Raza, the one and only competent and most accurate defence analyst of the universe.

My first question goes to Mr. Niyazi:

Sir, Keeping in view the Osama Bin Laden’s killing in Abbatobad by US forces, how can you say now that Pakistan army was not shielding him? How can you prove to me that Osama Bin Laden was not your guest for all these years? Today! Pakistan stands exposed. He was there and you can’t say that you did not know that he is there. I want an honest answer, Mr. Niyazi. Say yes we shielded him. Say yes Osama financed our army. Say yes Osama was a key adviser to your army chief. Say yes Osama was ISI and ISI was Osama. Come on! World wants an honest answer, Mr. Niyazi…

Mr. Niyazi : Well, I cannot say that. Actually…. ( Aurnab interrupts )

Sir, This is sheer hypocrisy. When I said that, how can you refuse? Pakistan stands exposed. You cannot say that Pakistan does not stand exposed. My next question to KC.

Sir, As it is a known fact that Pakistan stands exposed, what should be our strategy to expose it further?
KC : Pakistan is a hub of terrorism. This is written even in our constitution. We cannot go against our constitution. It is a crime. Hence I repeat, Pakistan stands exposed.

Aurnab : But Sir, How can we expose it further ?
KC : Every suicide blast, every terror act inside Pakistan is the handiwork of Pakistan. Pakistan kills its own people through suicide bombings only to harm innocent Indians. This is the known fact. World knows it. They bomb their Army Installations and Police stations because their old Army Installations and Police stations lack facilities. They then fleece US and extract more money as aid to construct the new infrastructure. They destroy their old war planes and war equipment to replace it with the latest technology all supplied by US free of cost. They destroy their old dilapidated Mosques and Madrasas through suicide bombings only to raise new modern Mosques and Madrasas. They plant bombs in their market places only to demolish encroached upon streets so that they can modernize their towns. This way they strengthen their defences and create most modern infrastructure.

Aurnab: But Sir, what has India to lose from that?
KC : Our boys work day and night in US as cyber slaves, our brilliant people toil hard in the Call Centers of Bangalore to build a stronger United States of America. They pay taxes to the US government from their salaries and US diverts their hard earned money to Pakistan as aid and reward for fighting the war against so called global terrorism. This is unacceptable. We cannot afford to let our boys to work for the people of Pakistan. We are innocent victims of Pakistan’s cleverness.

Aurnab: My next question to my another guest. Mahroof as honestly stated by KC that India is the victim of Pakistan’s terror, how can India stop US from diverting Indian money to Pakistan ?

Mahroof : India is a superpower. It has Nuclear weapons. India has Prithvi missiles, India has INSAS rifles. India has Bollywood with superstars like Rajnikant and Sunny Deol. Indian superstars can destroy Pakistani army singlehandedly. India has strongest economy as per the PPP ratio which is directly proportional to the per capita GDP of the US budget divided by the Industrial output quotient of the foreign investment gained through FDIs which is further inversely proportional to the interest on foreign exchange reserves which is further equivalent to the 10 % of total per capita capital of the world economy divided by our proposed growth figure forecasts of 2065. This proves that India is a super economical power which the world has to acknowledge now. India can dictate to US. India should tell US that we will stop all the services rendered by our super intelligent minds if it does not stop US aid to Pakistan. US will fall to its knees and accept our demands. This is the only way to stop Pakistan from getting US aid. Madam Sonia Gandhi should tell US that either you are with us or you are against us.

Aurnab: Mahroof, your figures are startling. World must acknowledge our power and Indians should be proud of you Mahroof.

My question to Mr. Niyazi again.


Sir, keeping in view the immense power of India, how is Pakistan now going to cooperate with India in exposing itself further. Listening to the honest comments by our other guests, it is now 100 % proved that Pakistan is exposed. How can you run away from the facts now?

Niyazi : Look, whatever they said is not true. Basically ….. (Aurnab interrupts again)
Aurnab: Mr. Niyazi, you are actually trying to evade my question. This is in general, a Pakistani mindset which you are unfortunately having .Do not disagree with what Indians say. You can’t run away from the truth. Come-on, world is watching you. Do not say that whatever stated by my other two guests is a figment of imagination. Pakistan stands exposed again.

My next question to KC again.


Sir, Pakistan’s ISI created Osama, Mullah Omar, Zardari, Kayani, Shuja Pasha, Gilani, Imran Khan, Shahid Afridi, Davood Ibrahim, Syed Salahudin, Hafiz Mohammed Syed, David Coleman Headley, Suresh Kalmadi, Balwa, Raja, Choota Shakeel, Choota Rajan, Arundhati Roy, Sayed Ali Geelani, Nathu Ram Godse, Satwant Singh, Prabhakaran, Mehbooba Mufti, Bhindrawale, Maoits, Naga insurgents, ULFA and historian say even Ravan and Narad Munni too were ISI’s creation. How can Pakistan refute this, keeping in view all the evidences which India has? India has even the evidences that Mehmood Ghaznavi, Babbar, Aurangzeb and Mohammed Ali Jinnah too were ISI’s creation.

KC : How can they say that this is not true ? Let me give you more facts. As per the WHO data, all the female infanticides happening in India has ISI hand behind them. Even, every unexpected pregnancy in India is a handiwork of Pakistan. India has the proof and it will show it to the world. Pakistan stands exposed.


Aurnab: My question to Mahroof.

Mahroof, having given all the evidences, how can Pakistan refuse now. Noteworthy to mention here is that the P.A to the Deputy Secretary of the adviser of the Under Secretary of the Co Chairman on the house committee of the private US department on political strategy under the auspices of the think tank of widows of war veterans of Vietnam war of the US state of Alaska, Mr. Joseph Leibermann has clearly stated that Pakistan is involved in aiding and abetment of terrorism in India. How can Pakistan come clean? US too has vindicated Indian stand now.

Mahroof : India is a super power. It has won diplomatic wars on all the fronts since the times of Chanakya. Pakistan is in mess. India is emerging victorious now. Pakistan should accept its failures now and dismantle Pakistani army and its terror offshoot ISI. Otherwise it will be too late for them as India is a super economical as well as diplomatic power. (Mr. Niyazi wants to interrupt)

Aurnab: Mr. Niyazi, we are hearing you. You can say whatever you want to. We will give equal chance to speak to everyone on the Newshour today. Mr. Niyazi carry on….

Mr. Niyazi carry on, can you hear me. Mr. Niyazi, Mr. Niyazi…… Seems that there is some problem with the line. We are sorry Mr. Niyazi.

Thank you Gentlemen for your participation. I hope Pakistan will now understand that it stands exposed. Wrapping up the debate, a look at the headlines again.

• Pakistan stands exposed again on aiding and abetment of terrorism in Pakistan.
• US officials vindicate the Indian allegations about Pakistan’s role in the terrorist attacks inside the Pakistan and elsewhere in the world.
• Bomb blast in Peshawar. Five civilians injured.
• Davood Ibrahim buys Lamborghini from ISI money.
• Zardari planning to visit China next month.
• Pakistan’s inflation has risen to 7 %.
• Chennai Warriors have won their quarterfinal match against Mumbai Indians in IPL.
• Syed Ali Geelani put under house arrest after his plans to offer Friday prayers in a local mosque were promptly exposed.
• 16 CRPF personnel killed in a landmine blast in Chattisgarh.

Take care. Good night.

Koshur Mazloom © 2011

India bans The Economist for showing Jammu & Kashmir as disputed territory

The distribution of the latest edition of The Economist magazine was banned in India for showing Jammu and Kashmir as a disputed territory.

The map is used as an illustration for the front-page story of the latest edition of the magazine on “The world’s most dangerous border” between India and Pakistan.

The customs officers ordered that 28,000 copies of the influential news weekly should have stickers manually placed over a diagram showing the Jammu and Kashmir as a disputed territory.

John Micklethwait, editor in chief of the magazine, while talking to newsmen, termed the India’s action as an attempt of censorship over media and said that through such tactics the facts could not be hidden. He said that the map published in the magazine was impartial and accurate.

Democracy through intimidation and terror

Early this month when Syed Ali Geelani called for offering prayers (in absentia) for Osama Bin Laden, the administration responded quite unusually. Making a big departure from its past policy, it showed a great degree of composure and allowed Geelani to offer prayers. It was for the first time since he visited parents of Tufail Ahmad Matto, who was shot dead by police on June 11, 2010, Geelani was allowed to participate in any of his programmes.

Though Geelani led a large prayers’ meeting at Batamaloo, common people generally ignored his call. It was genuinely an occasion of great relief for the jerky administration. Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, in a fit of joy, tweeted: “I do not want him (Geelani) to become a hero”. Chief Minister’s tweet was carried prominently by newspapers and news channels, giving the impression that Omar Abdullah has decided to give room for his critics. But it did not take chief minister even a week’s time to change his mind and try out his earlier method of muzzling the dissent. On April 13 and 20, Geelani was placed under house arrest and his public rallies at Shopian and Islamabad were banned.

Curbing peoples’ movement on May 21 to stop Mirwaiz Umar Farooq from holding a rally in Sri

nagar on the death anniversary of his father Molvi Mohammad Farooq and Abdul Gani Lone was yet another reminder that the chief minister inherits a political culture where there is no respect for opposite views. It was for the first time that Mirwaiz was stopped from commemorating death anniversary of his father.

Treating its opponents with extreme contempt and disdain is rooted in the entire political and power history of the National Conference. History places the NC founder Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah—though praised for heroic fight against Maharaja’s rule in 1930s and 40s—as the most intolerant politician and bigoted ruler ever produced in south Asian region.

Democracy was first tried and tested in Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 when elections for the constituent Assembly were held under Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah’s premiership. Out of the 75 members of the House, 73 were declared successful unopposed. In two other seats—Habba Kadal and Baramullah—two independent candidates, Shiv Narain Fotedar and Sardar Sant Singh Giyani challenged the offic

ial candidates of the National Conference.

Late Ghulam Mohammad Mir Tawoos (who retired as divisional commissioner in 1975) wrote in his memoir—Yadoo’n Kay Aansoo’n—that both candidates were dubbed as Pakistani agents and mauled and hauled to such a degree by the NC cadres and state machinery that they had to withdraw from the contest to save their lives.

Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah repeated the same method of fear and terror during by-elections in Ganderbal and Devsar constituencies in 1975 where Sher-e-Kashmir and his deputy Mirza Afzal Beg were seeking election to the state Assembly. Abdullah had joined the Indian mainstream after divorcing the Plebiscite slogan (which he propagated for 22 years—1953-75) following an Accord with then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to take over as the chief minister of the state.

This time it was Jamaat-e-Islami which tasted the fruits of opposing Abdullah. Jamaat had fielded two senior stalwarts—Ashraf Sahrai and Hakeem Ghulam Nabi—against Abdullah and Beg. Both Sahrai and Hakeem survived murderous attacks by NC activists. In one attack in Ganderbal, one of the senior Jamaat leaders Saadullah Tantray of Doda (he passed away in 2007) lost his left eye permanently. At least 20 Jamaat leaders and supporters had got injured in this attack.

Around 50 Jamaat supporters and leaders were wounded in another attack at Kilam village in Devsar constituency where Hakeem Ghulam Nabi and Syed Ali Geelani were the main target of the attack. Qasim Sajjad of Islamabad, who was then in the Jamaat, suffered serious head injury in the attack. It took him around two months to recover. Nobody had given any chance to Jamaat nominees to win from any of the two seats but NC employed all the vile and violent methods to crush them to defeat.

Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah did not stop here. Two days after the election, Shaikh Abdullah imposed ban on Jamaat-e-Islami, closed down its schools, arrested hundreds of Jamaat activists and leaders. The NC continued with its wrath on Jamaat in later years as well. Kashmir witnessed massive protests against the hanging of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Pakistan. The NC directed all this anger against the Jamaat. Around 20,000 houses of Jamaat supporters and leaders were burnt, their orchards cut, and shops looted in the frenzy that gripped Kashmir for three days with state government acting at distant onlooker.

The NC’s terror campaign in 1977 was even worse when a multi-party alliance—Janata Party—including Awami Action Committee of Mirwaiz Molvi Mohammad Farooq (barring Jamaat-e-Islami) dared to challenge Abdullah in Assembly elections. Noted historian Prem Nath Bazaz, who himself included among the top leaders of the Janata Party, has compiled a 222-page book—Democracy Through Terror and Intimidation—recording attacks on opponents, more particularly, Janata Party (JP) supporters by the NC activists.

In one of the attacks, Dr Jagat Mohni, the JP nominee for Habbakadal was hospitalized with serious head injury broken teeth and jaw-bones. Bazaz records a shameful incident when NC cadres attacked a young girl (17 year) at Budshah Chowk, stripped her naked by tearing up her clothes in full public view. Recounting his own experience Bazaz says: I along with Ghulam Mohiuddin Qarrah went to see Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah (he had fallen ill in the thick of the election campaign) at his Gupkar house. NC supporters present there attacked our car. A police officer escorted us to nearby Ghulam Mohammad Shah’s house. While seated in the living room, one after the other, Shah and Mohiuddin Matto entered and in a barrage of words hurled filthy abuses at us threatening to tear us to bits. All this happened in presence of Mirza Afzal Beg who did not utter even a word to stop them.

Salahuddin, Ashfaq Majeed, Ajaz Dar, Maqbool Illahi, Ahad Waza, Ashraf Dar, Yasin Malik, Javaid Mir and hundreds of militant commanders and leaders are also the creation of NC’s continued policy of terror and intimidation. Few have forgotten how NC’s combat squads captured polling booths, beat up polling agents, jailed poll campaigners and stopped candidates and counting agents of the rival Muslim United Front (MUF) from entering the counting halls in 1987 assembly elections. How brazenly those elections were rigged by the NC with the help of state machinery to its advantage everybody knows.

How NC unleashed Task Force and Ikwanis to settle scores with its political opponents between 1996 and 2002 must be fresh in everybody’s mind. What Omar Abdullah has been doing ever since he took over as chief minister in January 2009 is in continuity of his party history. His tweet on May 7 was just an aberration rectified right in time.